Deactivation and First Aid for Pepper Spray

Though there is no way of completely neutralizing pepper spray, its effect can be minimized or stopped. Capsaicin is not soluble in water, and even large volumes of water will not wash it off. Victims should be encouraged to blink vigorously in order to encourage tears, which will help flush the irritant from the eyes. The spray can be washed off the face using soap, shampoo, dish washing detergent, or other detergents. Any cooling like ice, cold water, cold surface, or a fan will provide some relief. Milk has been shown to provide some relief and is frequently recommended for treatment of natural capsaicin exposure (chile peppers, hot sauces, spices). To avoid rubbing the spray into the skin, thereby prolonging the burning sensation, and in order to not spread the compound to other parts of the body, victims should try to avoid touching affected areas. Application of oils, or oil containing creams can trap the capsaicin to the skin and result in more severe chemical burns and blistering.

North American street medics use a non-toxic eyedrop solution of 1:1 water and aluminum hydroxide (Maalox) which helps neutralize pepper spray and relieve symptoms.[citation needed]

Florida Police departments have found that Clearasil acne wash helps remove the spray that has made contact with the skin. It's also been found that Clear Eyes helps remove the effects of the spray from the eyes. Both of these agents should be mixed in with a flushing of water, as one would with any other chemical exposure.[citation needed]

Some "triple-action" pepper sprays also contain "tear gas" (CS gas), which can be neutralized with sodium metabisulfite (Campden tablets, used in homebrewing), though it, too, is not water soluble and could be washed off using the same procedure as for pepper spray. Some sprays also contain a UV "blanketing" dye that is used for identification of sprayed individuals (little can be done against this, but its effects are not nearly as dramatic).

When OC or pepper spray is used in distances less than 36 inches, the emulsifier which suspends the OC within the water can act as dangerous projectiles. This is known as the "hydraulic needle" effect and can cause permanent blindness or possibly be lethal.